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</div> <div id="ablui8ik" class="news_zxhg"> <div id="ablui8ik" class="news_zxhg1"> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0> <tr> <td><div id="ablui8ik" class="news_zxhg1-1">資訊回顧</div></td> <form action="/index.php/portal/search" method="get"> <td><INPUT type="text" name="date" class="news_rili" value="2013-07-16"></td> <SCRIPT type="text/javascript"> $(".news_rili").val(getYestoday()); </SCRIPT> <td><INPUT type="submit" value="查看" class="news_chakan"></td> </form> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_line" ></div> </div>  <div id="ablui8ik" class="news_news"> <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_left"> <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_news"> <h1>齋月中七件不當(dāng)?shù)男袨?/h1> <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_news_info"> <span></span> <span>來(lái)源：中國(guó)清真網(wǎng)</span> <span>時(shí)間：2015-06-17</span> <span>點(diǎn)擊：<script src="/index.php/portal/api/getNumber?id=25178&type=viewnum"></script></span>  <span><a href="#pl">我來(lái)說(shuō)兩句</a></span> </div> <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_news_all" id="frameContent" >  <p align="center"><img onmousewheel="return bbimg(this)" style="cursor: pointer" alt="點(diǎn)此在新窗口瀏覽圖片" src="http://www.norislam.com/information/Article/uploadfiles/oldpic/20070418160628782.jpg" onload="javascript:resizepic(this)" border="0" /></p> <p><br /> 　　穆斯林在貴齋月里守齋戒﹐是遵奉真主的命令執(zhí)行提升信仰和修身養(yǎng)性的功課。<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　對(duì)于不守齋戒的穆斯林﹐那是他們個(gè)人拒絕真主命令的罪過(guò)﹐這個(gè)題目與他們無(wú)關(guān)﹐因?yàn)椴淮嬖谛袨楫?dāng)或不當(dāng)?shù)膯?wèn)題﹔對(duì)于守齋戒的人﹐這是提醒他們把功課做得盡量完美﹐建議他們避免不當(dāng)?shù)男袨椹o以期獲得盡善盡美的回賜。這七件不當(dāng)?shù)男袨槿缦漏s舉意張揚(yáng)﹐封齋延誤﹐拜功疏忽﹐言行無(wú)阻﹐視線不斂﹐耳根不凈﹐心不在焉。<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　第一﹑舉意張揚(yáng)<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　每天封齋必須舉意﹐至少說(shuō)﹕“我為真主﹐今日把齋﹐求真主慈憫。” 這是個(gè)人以心靈與真主的溝通和向真主的許諾﹐不必大張旗鼓讓外人知道。個(gè)人默默舉意封齋是圣行﹐因?yàn)橄戎率ケ救撕退牡茏觽儺?dāng)年都是這樣﹐以后的眾賢者以及歷代大伊瑪目都是遵循圣行﹐恪守齋月每天在晨禮前默默做都阿宜和為當(dāng)天齋戒舉意的優(yōu)良習(xí)慣。大學(xué)者穆敏尼納·哈夫薩確認(rèn)的圣訓(xùn)說(shuō)﹕“在晨禮前沒(méi)有舉意的齋戒﹐不成立。”《艾哈邁德圣訓(xùn)集》后代的法學(xué)家把這個(gè)圣訓(xùn)正式列入功修教法大全﹐成為齋月功修條件的法制。有些地方的穆斯林﹐齋戒前當(dāng)眾大聲發(fā)誓封齋﹐一大家人或者一群人由一人領(lǐng)隊(duì)集體做都阿宜宣誓舉意封齋﹐均為自創(chuàng)行為﹐違背圣訓(xùn)和教法。<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　第二﹑封齋延誤<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　封齋的時(shí)間必須在晨禮開(kāi)始之前﹐聽(tīng)到最近清真寺晨禮喚禮聲必須停止飲食﹐舉意封齋。在許多穆斯林國(guó)家﹐因?yàn)楦魉鲁慷Y的喚禮聲稍有幾分鐘的差異﹐有些人根據(jù)最遙遠(yuǎn)能聽(tīng)到的微弱聲音為借口﹐拖延封齋時(shí)間。這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致一天齋戒失效。<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　《古蘭經(jīng)》對(duì)封齋時(shí)間的規(guī)定說(shuō)﹕“可以吃﹐可以飲﹐至黎明時(shí)天邊的黑線和白線對(duì)你們截然劃分。然后整日齋戒﹐至于夜間。”(2﹕187) 這個(gè)“至黎明時(shí)”與晨禮開(kāi)始的時(shí)間是一致的﹐因此根據(jù)晨禮的喚禮聲起為標(biāo)志比較可靠。有許多地方﹐習(xí)慣把第一次晨禮喚禮聲提前﹐為的是讓人們起床和做小凈﹐所以不能把提前的喚禮作為封齋的時(shí)間。那么﹐禮拜前的“內(nèi)邦克”應(yīng)當(dāng)是最后的期限了﹐那是進(jìn)入晨禮拜功前的最后召喚。根據(jù)圣行﹐在聽(tīng)到最后一次喚禮聲時(shí)﹐手中最后一口飲食允許吃下去﹐這時(shí)封齋也為合法。這里要提醒穆斯林注意的問(wèn)題是﹐封齋必須有明確的截止飲食時(shí)間﹐不許可找任何借口延誤﹐否則失效。<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　第三﹑拜功疏忽<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　在五項(xiàng)功修之中(即念禮齋課朝)﹐拜功居先﹐齋功次之﹐說(shuō)明其重要性的先后。有人在齋月里﹐只守齋戒而不禮拜﹐這是顛倒的功修關(guān)系﹐把更為重要的項(xiàng)目舍棄了﹐執(zhí)行次一等的任務(wù)﹐使齋戒受虧空。另一種情況是﹐封齋之后貪睡﹐不參加集體晨禮﹐等睡足了覺(jué)﹐紅日高照時(shí)“還補(bǔ)”晨禮﹐或與中午的晌禮合并。拜功貴在及時(shí)﹐“按時(shí)禮拜”﹐還補(bǔ)與并禮都是在特殊條件情況下的特許﹐不能自編一套禮拜時(shí)程﹐破壞制度。只守齋戒而不禮拜是不當(dāng)?shù)男袨椹o而因?yàn)閼卸杌蜇澦韬龆Y拜也是不當(dāng)行為。克服的辦法是﹐周圍的穆斯林互相勉勵(lì)和促進(jìn)﹐雙方都能獲得真主的喜悅和恩惠?！豆盘m經(jīng)》說(shuō)﹐穆斯林在齋月期間﹐“你們當(dāng)為正義和敬畏而互助﹐不要為邪惡和橫暴而互助。”(5﹕2)<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　第四﹑言行無(wú)阻<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　穆斯林不應(yīng)當(dāng)言行不謹(jǐn)慎﹐例如臟話假話連篇﹐行為肆無(wú)忌憚﹐尤其在齋月期間﹐不許可言行沒(méi)有阻攔﹐不負(fù)責(zé)任。先知穆圣說(shuō)﹕“(齋月期間)如果不能戒備言行﹐真主不需要他戒備飲食。”《布哈里圣訓(xùn)集》語(yǔ)言是一個(gè)人品行的外部裝飾和內(nèi)心表露﹐說(shuō)話滿嘴臟字的人與邪惡的行為同屬一類性質(zhì)﹐這二者都難以想象會(huì)出現(xiàn)在敬畏真主的信士身上。先知穆圣說(shuō)﹕“真主說(shuō)﹐阿丹子孫的一切行為都是為了自己個(gè)人﹐只有齋戒不是為了個(gè)人﹐而是為了我。我必為此而賞賜他。齋戒如同護(hù)身的鎧甲﹐守齋戒的人不應(yīng)有令人厭惡的行為和大聲喧嘩。如果有人向他挑戰(zhàn)﹐出言不遜或準(zhǔn)備打架﹐他應(yīng)當(dāng)說(shuō)﹕‘我在把齋。我在把齋。’”<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　根據(jù)阿布·胡賴伊勒的傳述﹐先知穆圣指出﹐滿口胡言亂語(yǔ)﹑行為不檢點(diǎn)胡作非為者都是“愚昧”的表現(xiàn)。當(dāng)愚昧進(jìn)入一個(gè)人的心靈﹐使他言而無(wú)信﹐謊話連篇﹐對(duì)別人背談和誹謗﹐罪惡表現(xiàn)在口舌和四肢上。這樣的情況發(fā)生在不守齋戒的人身上﹐也許不為奇怪﹐但確實(shí)不應(yīng)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)在守齋戒信士的身上。言行無(wú)阻應(yīng)當(dāng)是齋月期間的大忌之一。<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　第五﹑視線不斂<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　真主賦予人類極大的感官自由﹐耳聽(tīng)目染聲色之娛都是隨心所欲﹐但是伴隨自由的是人的理智約束和道德責(zé)任﹐真主對(duì)人的恩賜雖然豐厚﹐也有監(jiān)控和管理措施。《古蘭經(jīng)》說(shuō)﹕“你不要隨從你所不知道的言行﹐耳目和心靈都是要被審問(wèn)的。”(17﹕36) 猜想﹐古代的人們可能提出過(guò)疑問(wèn)﹐耳目和心靈怎么可能被審問(wèn)呢? 現(xiàn)代的人比較容易理解這段經(jīng)文了﹐因?yàn)榭梢韵胂笳嬷鞅扔?jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家更加聰明﹐能在人的耳目和心靈中安裝上言行活動(dòng)的音像“記錄器”﹐以備復(fù)活日用作證據(jù)。<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　我們聰慧的耳目﹑神游的心靈和奇巧的四肢﹐都是真主特賜給奴仆的有效工具﹐我們的使用必須為主人負(fù)責(zé)﹐最后將受到全面審問(wèn)和清算。以視線為例﹐應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣使用眼睛看周圍世界﹐取決于一個(gè)人的道德觀念和心靈動(dòng)機(jī)。在今日市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)興旺的花花世界里﹐對(duì)于正經(jīng)人﹐為了躲避墮落的誘惑 ﹐頹廢文化的展示是不應(yīng)該多看一眼的﹐例如袒胸露背的女子色相。還有些人﹐齋月期間增加休息時(shí)間﹐休息的方式是看電視連續(xù)劇﹐劇情緊張﹐誘惑難當(dāng)﹐也應(yīng)屬于視線不斂的錯(cuò)誤行為﹐有克制的必要。如果平常有這個(gè)壞習(xí)慣﹐那么﹐齋月正是優(yōu)秀品行鍛煉的好機(jī)會(huì)﹐因?yàn)樾耙暜a(chǎn)生邪念﹐邪念而又生邪心﹐罪惡的發(fā)源地由此而生。先知穆圣說(shuō)﹕“那些人是為了真主而克制飲食﹐也克制貪欲的誘惑。”<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　第六﹑耳根不凈<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　我們都知道﹐伊斯蘭禁止信士聽(tīng)音樂(lè)﹐這表明﹐伊斯蘭承認(rèn)音樂(lè)有震蕩人心的魅力﹐最容易把人心引向邪惡。有一段經(jīng)文說(shuō)﹕“有人購(gòu)買(mǎi)無(wú)謂的談話﹐以便他無(wú)知無(wú)識(shí)地使人背離真主的正道﹐而且把它當(dāng)作笑柄。這等人﹐將受凌辱的刑罰。”(古蘭經(jīng)﹐31﹕6) 學(xué)者們對(duì)這段經(jīng)文的詮注﹐確定為下流音樂(lè)和淫穢歌曲。可見(jiàn)﹐伊斯蘭不是對(duì)音響藝術(shù)無(wú)知﹐而是徹知其罪惡的誘惑力﹐引人墮落。音樂(lè)被人理解為創(chuàng)造性的藝術(shù)天才﹐但在真主看來(lái)是真主的創(chuàng)造物和賦予人類的能力﹐音樂(lè)的本性具有強(qiáng)烈的誘惑性﹐恰如“無(wú)謂的談話”﹐使人理解和觸動(dòng)﹐但極無(wú)聊﹐具有惡魔性質(zhì)的考驗(yàn)﹐引向背離主道的歧途。在圣訓(xùn)中﹐音樂(lè)被列為墮落的行為﹐例如先知穆圣說(shuō)﹕“在我的穩(wěn)麥中﹐將來(lái)有人使不合法(哈倆姆)的事物合法化﹐例如通奸﹑(男人)穿真絲﹑飲酒﹑玩弄樂(lè)器。”《布哈里圣訓(xùn)集》這些顯然都是被禁止的行為﹐音樂(lè)在其中﹐但以后穆斯林社會(huì)將出現(xiàn)某些腐敗的人﹐他們將把非法的行為合法化﹐企圖改變伊斯蘭的性質(zhì)。先知穆圣的預(yù)言和警告今日看來(lái)﹐許多已經(jīng)成為真實(shí)的兌現(xiàn)﹐足以引起這個(gè)時(shí)代穆斯林的高度警惕﹐齋月期間應(yīng)當(dāng)把先知穆圣禁止的淫樂(lè)黃歌列入鍛煉剛強(qiáng)性格的功修內(nèi)容。<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　第七﹑心不在焉<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　雖然隨大流把齋﹐但心不在焉。有許多穆斯林集中的地方﹐有全社會(huì)守齋戒的風(fēng)氣﹐白天公開(kāi)吃喝遭到人們白眼和譴責(zé)﹐有些人隨大流跟著家人或社會(huì)習(xí)慣而守齋戒﹐不嚴(yán)肅﹐不認(rèn)真﹐對(duì)齋月的守則﹑規(guī)定﹑制度﹑日期﹑時(shí)間﹐沒(méi)有興趣﹐一問(wèn)三不知。即使是十歲兒童﹐如此沒(méi)有心意的齋戒等于無(wú)效齋﹐只是白白忍受饑渴之苦。對(duì)心不在焉守齋戒者﹐可能責(zé)任不在自己﹐應(yīng)當(dāng)有人對(duì)他勸告和解釋。如果知者不言﹐罪過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)移。<br /> <br /> <br /> 　　每年一個(gè)月的齋戒﹐是服從主命的功修。凡是參與堅(jiān)守齋戒者﹐都事先早有決心﹐每天有舉意﹐指望獲得真主喜悅和賞賜。以上七件事﹐是守齋者容易疏忽的陋習(xí)﹐在此提醒大家﹐并且祈禱真主恩賜所有守齋者智慧﹐加深今世信仰﹐提高后世在天堂中的品級(jí)。</p>  </div> <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_news_fx">  <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_share jiathis_style"> <span id="ablui8ik" class="jiathis_txt">分享:</span> <a class="jiathis_button_tools_1"></a> <a class="jiathis_button_tools_2"></a> <a class="jiathis_button_tools_3"></a> <a class="jiathis jiathis_txt jiathis_separator jtico jtico_jiathis" target="_blank">更多</a> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://v3.jiathis.com/code_mini/jia.js?uid=1356576450354725" charset="utf-8"></script>  <div id="ablui8ik" class="list_fenye" id="pages"> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_pl"> <div class="ablui8ik" id="commenthtml">  <script>getcomment(25178,0)</script> </div> <script src="/index.php/portal/api/comments?id=25178"></script> </div> <div id="ablui8ik" class="list_ad1"> </div> </div> <div id="ablui8ik" class="news_zxhg" id="c_right"> 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