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</div> <div id="ablui8ik" class="news_zxhg"> <div id="ablui8ik" class="news_zxhg1"> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0> <tr> <td><div id="ablui8ik" class="news_zxhg1-1">資訊回顧</div></td> <form action="/index.php/portal/search" method="get"> <td><INPUT type="text" name="date" class="news_rili" value="2013-07-16"></td> <SCRIPT type="text/javascript"> $(".news_rili").val(getYestoday()); </SCRIPT> <td><INPUT type="submit" value="查看" class="news_chakan"></td> </form> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_line" ></div> </div>  <div id="ablui8ik" class="news_news"> <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_left"> <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_news"> <h1>齋月中七件不當(dāng)?shù)男袨?/h1> <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_news_info"> <span></span> <span>來(lái)源：</span> <span>時(shí)間：2015-06-14</span> <span>點(diǎn)擊：<script src="/index.php/portal/api/getNumber?id=134170&type=viewnum"></script></span>  <span><a href="#pl">我來(lái)說(shuō)兩句</a></span> </div> <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_news_all" id="frameContent" >  <div> </div> <div style="text-align:center;"> <img alt="" src="http://www.musilin.net.cn/uploadfile/2013/0718/20130718013929438.jpg" style="width:600px;height:414px;" /> </div> <p> <br /> 穆斯林在貴齋月里守齋戒，是遵奉安拉的命令執(zhí)行提升信仰和修身養(yǎng)性的功課。<br /> <p> 對(duì)于不守齋戒的穆斯林，那是他們個(gè)人拒絕安拉命令的罪過(guò)，這個(gè)題目與他們無(wú)關(guān)，因?yàn)椴淮嬖谛袨楫?dāng)或不當(dāng)?shù)膯?wèn)題；對(duì)于守齋戒的人，這是提醒他們把功課做得盡量完美，建議他們避免不當(dāng)?shù)男袨椋云讷@得盡善盡美的回賜。這七件不當(dāng)?shù)男袨槿缦拢号e意張揚(yáng)，封齋延誤，拜功疏忽，言行無(wú)阻，視線不斂，耳根不凈，心不在焉。 </p> <p> <br /> </p> 第一、舉意張揚(yáng)<br /> 　　每天封齋必須舉意，至少說(shuō)：“我為安拉，今日把齋，求安拉慈憫?！边@是個(gè)人以心靈與安拉的溝通和向安拉的許諾，不必大張旗鼓讓外人知道。個(gè)人默默舉意封齋是圣行，因?yàn)橄戎率ケ救撕退牡茏觽儺?dāng)年都是這樣，以后的眾賢者以及歷代大伊瑪目都是遵循圣行，恪守齋月每天在晨禮前默默做都阿宜和為當(dāng)天齋戒舉意的優(yōu)良習(xí)慣。大學(xué)者穆敏尼納·哈夫薩確認(rèn)的圣訓(xùn)說(shuō)：“在晨禮前沒(méi)有舉意的齋戒，不成立?！薄栋~德圣訓(xùn)集》后代的法學(xué)家把這個(gè)圣訓(xùn)正式列入功修教法大全，成為齋月功修條件的法制。有些地方的穆斯林，齋戒前當(dāng)眾大聲發(fā)誓封齋，一大家人或者一群人由一人領(lǐng)隊(duì)集體做都阿宜宣誓舉意封齋，均為自創(chuàng)行為，違背圣訓(xùn)和教法。<br /> 第二、封齋延誤<br /> 　　封齋的時(shí)間必須在晨禮開(kāi)始之前，聽(tīng)到最近清真寺晨禮喚禮聲必須停止飲食，舉意封齋。在許多穆斯林國(guó)家，因?yàn)楦魉鲁慷Y的喚禮聲稍有幾分鐘的差異，有些人根據(jù)最遙遠(yuǎn)能聽(tīng)到的微弱聲音為借口，拖延封齋時(shí)間。這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致一天齋戒失效。《古蘭經(jīng)》對(duì)封齋時(shí)間的規(guī)定說(shuō)：“可以吃，可以飲，至黎明時(shí)天邊的黑線和白線對(duì)你們截然劃分。然后整日齋戒，至于夜間。”(2：187)這個(gè)“至黎明時(shí)”與晨禮開(kāi)始的時(shí)間是一致的，因此根據(jù)晨禮的喚禮聲起為標(biāo)志比較可靠。有許多地方，習(xí)慣把第一次晨禮喚禮聲提前，為的是讓人們起床和做小凈，所以不能把提前的喚禮作為封齋的時(shí)間。那么，禮拜前的“內(nèi)邦克”應(yīng)當(dāng)是最后的期限了，那是進(jìn)入晨禮拜功前的最后召喚。根據(jù)圣行，在聽(tīng)到最后一次喚禮聲時(shí)，手中最后一口飲食允許吃下去，這時(shí)封齋也為合法。這里要提醒穆斯林注意的問(wèn)題是，封齋必須有明確的截止飲食時(shí)間，不許可找任何借口延誤，否則失效。<br /> 第三、拜功疏忽<br /> 　　在五項(xiàng)功修之中(即念禮齋課朝)，拜功居先，齋功次之，說(shuō)明其重要性的先后。有人在齋月里，只守齋戒而不禮拜，這是顛倒的功修關(guān)系，把更為重要的項(xiàng)目舍棄了，執(zhí)行次一等的任務(wù)，使齋戒受虧空。另一種情況是，封齋之后貪睡，不參加集體晨禮，故意等睡足了覺(jué)，紅日高照時(shí)“還補(bǔ)”晨禮，或與中午的晌禮合并，拜功貴在及時(shí)，“按時(shí)禮拜”，還補(bǔ)是忽視拜功者的一種無(wú)稽說(shuō)辭，是不被安拉接受的；并禮是在特殊情況下才可的特許，拜功是按時(shí)的、定時(shí)的絕不能自編一套禮拜時(shí)程，破壞制度。只守齋戒而不禮拜是不當(dāng)?shù)男袨椋驗(yàn)閼卸杌蜇澦韬龆Y拜也是不當(dāng)行為。克服的辦法是，周?chē)哪滤沽只ハ嗝銊?lì)和促進(jìn)，雙方都能獲得安拉的喜悅和恩惠。《古蘭經(jīng)》說(shuō)，穆斯林在齋月期間，“你們當(dāng)為正義和敬畏而互助，不要為邪惡和橫暴而互助。”(5：2)<br /> 第四、言行無(wú)阻<br /> 　　穆斯林不應(yīng)當(dāng)言行不謹(jǐn)慎，例如臟話假話連篇，行為肆無(wú)忌憚，尤其在齋月期間，不許可言行沒(méi)有阻攔，不負(fù)責(zé)任。先知穆圣說(shuō)：“(齋月期間)如果不能戒備言行，安拉不需要他戒備飲食。”《布哈里圣訓(xùn)集》語(yǔ)言是一個(gè)人品行的外部裝飾和內(nèi)心表露，說(shuō)話滿(mǎn)嘴臟字的人與邪惡的行為同屬一類(lèi)性質(zhì)，這二者都難以想象會(huì)出現(xiàn)在敬畏安拉的信士身上。先知穆圣說(shuō)：“安拉說(shuō)，阿丹子孫的一切行為都是為了自己個(gè)人，只有齋戒不是為了個(gè)人，而是為了我。我必為此而賞賜他。齋戒如同護(hù)身的鎧甲，守齋戒的人不應(yīng)有令人厭惡的行為和大聲喧嘩。如果有人向他挑戰(zhàn)，出言不遜或準(zhǔn)備打架，他應(yīng)當(dāng)說(shuō)：‘我在把齋。我在把齋?！?br /> 　　根據(jù)阿布·胡賴(lài)?yán)盏膫魇?，先知穆圣指出，滿(mǎn)口胡言亂語(yǔ)、行為不檢點(diǎn)胡作非為者都是“愚昧”的表現(xiàn)。當(dāng)愚昧進(jìn)入一個(gè)人的心靈，使他言而無(wú)信，謊話連篇，對(duì)別人背談和誹謗，罪惡表現(xiàn)在口舌和四肢上。這樣的情況發(fā)生在不守齋戒的人身上，也許不為奇怪，但確實(shí)不應(yīng)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)在守齋戒信士的身上。言行無(wú)阻應(yīng)當(dāng)是齋月期間的大忌之一。<br /> 第五、視線不斂<br /> 　　安拉賦予人類(lèi)極大的感官自由，耳聽(tīng)目染聲色之娛都是隨心所欲，但是伴隨自由的是人的理智約束和道德責(zé)任，安拉對(duì)人的恩賜雖然豐厚，也有監(jiān)控和管理措施。《古蘭經(jīng)》說(shuō)：“你不要隨從你所不知道的言行，耳目和心靈都是要被審問(wèn)的?！?17：36)猜想，古代的人們可能提出過(guò)疑問(wèn)，耳目和心靈怎么可能被審問(wèn)呢？現(xiàn)代的人比較容易理解這段經(jīng)文了，因?yàn)榭梢韵胂蟀怖扔?jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家更加聰明，能在人的耳目和心靈中安裝上言行活動(dòng)的音像“記錄器”，以備復(fù)活日用作證據(jù)。<br /> 我們聰慧的耳目、神游的心靈和奇巧的四肢，都是安拉特賜給奴仆的有效工具，我們的使用必須為主人負(fù)責(zé)，最后將受到全面審問(wèn)和清算。以視線為例，應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣使用眼睛看周?chē)澜纾Q于一個(gè)人的道德觀念和心靈動(dòng)機(jī)。在今日市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)興旺的花花世界里，對(duì)于正經(jīng)人，為了躲避墮落的誘惑，頹廢文化的展示是不應(yīng)該多看一眼的，例如袒胸露背的女子色相。還有些人，齋月期間增加休息時(shí)間，休息的方式是看電視連續(xù)劇，劇情緊張，誘惑難當(dāng)，也應(yīng)屬于視線不斂的錯(cuò)誤行為，有克制的必要。如果平常有這個(gè)壞習(xí)慣，那么，齋月正是優(yōu)秀品行鍛煉的好機(jī)會(huì)，因?yàn)樾耙暜a(chǎn)生邪念，邪念而又生邪心，罪惡的發(fā)源地由此而生。先知穆圣說(shuō)：“那些人是為了安拉而克制飲食，也克制貪欲的誘惑?！?br /> 第六、耳根不凈<br /> 　　我們都知道，伊斯蘭禁止信士聽(tīng)音樂(lè)，這表明，伊斯蘭承認(rèn)音樂(lè)有震蕩人心的魅力，最容易把人心引向邪惡。有一段經(jīng)文說(shuō)：“有人購(gòu)買(mǎi)無(wú)謂的談話，以便他無(wú)知無(wú)識(shí)地使人背離安拉的正道，而且把它當(dāng)作笑柄。這等人，將受凌辱的刑罰?！?古蘭經(jīng)，31：6)學(xué)者們對(duì)這段經(jīng)文的詮注，確定為下流音樂(lè)和淫穢歌曲。可見(jiàn)，伊斯蘭不是對(duì)音響藝術(shù)無(wú)知，而是徹知其罪惡的誘惑力，引人墮落。音樂(lè)被人理解為創(chuàng)造性的藝術(shù)天才，但在安拉看來(lái)是安拉的創(chuàng)造物和賦予人類(lèi)的能力，音樂(lè)的本性具有強(qiáng)烈的誘惑性，恰如“無(wú)謂的談話”，使人理解和觸動(dòng)，但極無(wú)聊，具有惡魔性質(zhì)的考驗(yàn)，引向背離主道的歧途。在圣訓(xùn)中，音樂(lè)被列為墮落的行為，例如先知穆圣說(shuō)：“在我的穩(wěn)麥中，將來(lái)有人使不合法(哈倆姆)的事物合法化，例如通奸、(男人)穿真絲、飲酒、玩弄樂(lè)器。”《布哈里圣訓(xùn)集》這些顯然都是被禁止的行為，音樂(lè)在其中，但以后穆斯林社會(huì)將出現(xiàn)某些腐敗的人，他們將把非法的行為合法化，企圖改變伊斯蘭的性質(zhì)。先知穆圣的預(yù)言和警告今日看來(lái)，許多已經(jīng)成為真實(shí)的兌現(xiàn)，足以引起這個(gè)時(shí)代穆斯林的高度警惕，齋月期間應(yīng)當(dāng)把先知穆圣禁止的淫樂(lè)黃歌列入鍛煉剛強(qiáng)性格的功修內(nèi)容。<br /> 第七、心不在焉<br /> 　　雖然隨大流把齋，但心不在焉。有許多穆斯林集中的地方，有全社會(huì)守齋戒的風(fēng)氣，白天公開(kāi)吃喝遭到人們白眼和譴責(zé)，有些人隨大流跟著家人或社會(huì)習(xí)慣而守齋戒，不嚴(yán)肅，不認(rèn)真，對(duì)齋月的守則、規(guī)定、制度、日期、時(shí)間，沒(méi)有興趣，一問(wèn)三不知。即使是十歲兒童，如此沒(méi)有心意的齋戒等于無(wú)效齋，只是白白忍受饑渴之苦。對(duì)心不在焉守齋戒者，可能責(zé)任不在自己，應(yīng)當(dāng)有人對(duì)他勸告和解釋。如果知者不言，罪過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)移。<br /> 　　每年一個(gè)月的齋戒，是服從主命的功修。凡是參與堅(jiān)守齋戒者，都事先早有決心，每天有舉意，指望獲得安拉喜悅和賞賜。以上七件事，是守齋者容易疏忽的陋習(xí)，在此提醒大家，并且祈禱安拉恩賜所有守齋者智慧，加深今世信仰，提高后世在天堂中的品級(jí)。 </p>  </div> <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_news_fx">  <div id="ablui8ik" class="show_share jiathis_style"> <span id="ablui8ik" class="jiathis_txt">分享:</span> <a class="jiathis_button_tools_1"></a> <a class="jiathis_button_tools_2"></a> <a class="jiathis_button_tools_3"></a> <a class="jiathis jiathis_txt jiathis_separator jtico jtico_jiathis" target="_blank">更多</a> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://v3.jiathis.com/code_mini/jia.js?uid=1356576450354725" charset="utf-8"></script>  <div id="ablui8ik" class="list_fenye" id="pages"> </div> 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